Barriers to Accessing and Participation in Technical and Vocational Education and Training: A case study of marginalized students at Nakayale Vocational Training Centre in Namibia

Abstract

This study presents an analysis of the findings aimed at exploring the barriers faced by marginalized students in accessing and participating in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs at Nakayale Vocational Training Centre (NVTC). The research focused on understanding the systemic, socio-economic, and cultural challenges that hinder these students, particularly from the San, OvaHimba, and OvaZemba communities, from fully benefiting from TVET opportunities. The findings reveal that while efforts to improve access to TVET for marginalized students exist, the implementation of inclusive policies and support systems remains insufficient and fragmented. These findings align with broader global trends in addressing barriers to education for disadvantaged groups, particularly in developing countries, where systemic inequities, socio-cultural norms, and inadequate institutional frameworks continue to limit equitable participation in TVET programs.