Between Digital Hate and Queer Pride: A Thematic Analysis of LGBTQIA+ Experiences and Perceptions of Online Hate Speech in Nepal

Abstract

This dissertation examines the experiences and perceptions of online hate speech among LGBTQIA+ youth aged 18-24 in Nepal. The interpretive qualitative research is informed by the Minority Stress Theory and based on in-depth interviews with ten LGBTQIA+ youth in Kathmandu Valley. Findings indicate that LGBTQIA+ youth in Nepal experience widespread hate on the internet, which takes the form of normalized slurs, humor-based mockery, and dehumanizing remarks. Such digital animosity has emotional impacts such as anxiety, depression, hypervigilance and internalized queerphobia. Systemic neglect from families, schools, law enforcement, and digital platforms, which frequently downplay queer-related issues, exacerbates this stress. Nevertheless, LGBTQIA+ youth demonstrate resilience and agency through several coping mechanisms, including identity management, emotional disengagement, selective disclosure, and counter engagement. Above all, community solidarity, online and offline, serves as a very important buffer against minority stress, by offering safety, affirmation and empowerment. The conclusion of the study further emphasizes that queerphobia in Nepal should be countered through institutional, digital, and legal reform.